Crop: Corn

Overview

Corn is a globally important crop widely used for food, feed, and industrial applications due to its high nutritional value. However, it is susceptible to numerous pests, diseases, and weeds, which can significantly reduce yield and quality.

To ensure healthy growth and high productivity, integrated pest management (IPM) practices—combining insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, resistant varieties, and field management—are essential.

Key Management Recommendations

⭐ Field Monitoring.Scout weekly for pests and diseases. For fall armyworm, spray Emamectin benzoate 5% SG; for leaf blight, apply Mancozeb 80% WP.

⭐ IPM Strategy.Combine biological controls with targeted chemicals. Use Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC alongside natural predators for effective pest management.

⭐ Resistant Varieties.Plant Bt-corn hybrids with built-in pest resistance. Treat seeds with Thiamethoxam 30% FS for early protection.

⭐ Crop Rotation.Rotate with soybeans or legumes. Pre-planting, apply Glyphosate 480g/L SL to clear volunteer plants.

⭐ Timely Application.Apply herbicides like Atrazine 50% WP pre-emergence. For fungal issues, use Azoxystrobin 23% SC preventively.

⭐ Soil ManagementMaintain proper pH and drainage. For soil pests, incorporate Carbofuran 3% GR during planting.

Common Diseases of Corn

1. Fusarium Ear Rot (Fungal)

Damage: Reduces yield and produces mycotoxins.
Symptoms: Pink-white mold on kernels, starburst pattern.
Control Measures: Apply Azoxystrobin 23% SC at silking stage.

2. Aspergillus Ear Rot (Fungal)

Damage: Contaminates grains with aflatoxins.
Symptoms: Olive-green powdery mold on ears.
Control Measures: Spray Carbendazim 50% WP pre-harvest.

3. Common Smut (Fungal)

Damage: Forms galls replacing kernels.
Symptoms: White galls turning black on ears.
Control Measures: Use Tebuconazole 25% EW early infection.

4. Gray Leaf Spot (Fungal)

Damage: Defoliation and yield loss.
Symptoms: Rectangular tan lesions on leaves.
Control Measures: Apply Trifloxystrobin 50% WG at disease onset.

Common Pests

1. Fall Armyworm

Damage: Defoliation and direct ear feeding
Symptoms: Ragged leaves, frass on ears
Control Measures: Spray Emamectin benzoate 5% SG or Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC

2. Stem Borers

Damage: Tunneling causes lodging and yield loss
Symptoms: Dead hearts, bore holes in stems
Control Measures: Apply Fipronil 5% SC at whorl stage

3. White Grubs (Soil Pest)

Damage: Root feeding reduces nutrient uptake
Symptoms: Wilting plants, easily pulled roots
Control Measures: Soil treatment with Chlorpyrifos 48% EC

4. Aphids

Damage: Sap sucking and virus transmission
Symptoms: Curled leaves, sticky honeydew
Control Measures: Use Imidacloprid 20% SL early infestation

Common Weeds

1. Striga (Witchweed)

Damage: Parasitism causes severe yield loss.
Symptoms: Yellowed leaves, purple flowers on roots.
Control Measures: Apply Glyphosate 36% SL pre-planting.

2. Guinea Grass

Damage: Competes for nutrients and light.
Symptoms: Tall clumps with feathery seed heads.
Control Measures: Spray Quizalofop-p-ethyl 10% EC post-emergence.

3. Pigweed

Damage: Rapid growth reduces yields.
Symptoms: Red-stemmed with dense flower clusters.
Control Measures: Use Atrazine 50% WP pre-emergence.

4. Field Bindweed

Damage: Smothers crops and reduces yields.
Symptoms: Arrow-shaped leaves, white trumpet flowers.
Control Measures: Apply Metolachlor 46% EC early growth.

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