Crop: Rice

Overview

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the world’s three major staple crops, widely cultivated in Asia, Africa, and South America. Stable and high yields are vital for global food security, but rice is vulnerable to a variety of pests, diseases, and weeds during growth. Integrated management is essential.

Rice Crop Management Recommendations

◆ Select Resistant Varieties: Even with resistant varieties, use Imidacloprid 70% WDG for seed treatment to prevent early-stage pests.

◆ Good Agronomic Practices: Combined with field sanitation, apply Glufosinate ammonium 200g/L SL before ploughing to effectively eliminate weeds and reduce pest sources.

◆ Balanced Fertilization: To prevent rice blast induced by excessive nitrogen, apply Tricyclazole 75% WP during the tillering stage for prevention.

◆ Pest Monitoring: Upon detecting borers or planthoppers, promptly use Abamectin 1.8% EC for its broad-spectrum efficacy and low cost.

◆ Integrated Control: Prioritize biopesticides. In early outbreak stages, use Lambda-cyhalothrin 25g/L EC for its targeted action and safety to beneficial insects.

◆ Water Management: Poor humidity management can lead to sheath blight. Apply Validamycin 5% SL as needed, known for its specific and stable control.

Common Rice Diseases

1. Rice Blast

Symptoms: Lesions on leaves/panicles, eye-shaped spots with gray centers.
Favorable Conditions: High humidity, cool temperatures, excess nitrogen.
Management: Apply Tricyclazole 75% WP early or at tillering/heading stages.

2. Sheath Blight - Fungal

Symptoms: Oval lesions on leaf sheaths, “green island” effect.
Favorable Conditions: Dense planting, high humidity, flooding.
Management: Spray Validamycin 5% AS on lower stems at disease onset.

3. Bacterial Leaf Blight - Bacterial

Symptoms: Yellow streaks on leaves, wilting, white exudate.
Favorable Conditions: Floods, wounds, high nitrogen.
Management: Use Bismerthiazol 20% WP after storms or at first symptoms.

4. Bacterial Leaf Streak - Bacterial

Symptoms: Water-soaked streaks between veins turning yellow.
Favorable Conditions: Warm storms, contaminated water.
Management: Apply Kasugamycin 2% SL preventively or early in outbreaks.

Major Insect Pests

1. Rice Planthopper

Identification: Small insects that cluster at the base of rice plants, sucking sap. This causes yellowing, wilting, and can transmit viral diseases.
Disease occurrence conditions: Hot, dry weather; dense planting; excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
Management: Apply Imidacloprid 70% WP or Thiamethoxam 25% WG as a foliar spray or soil application.

2. Rice Stem Borer

Identification: Larvae bore into and feed inside rice stems, causing “dead hearts” (in seedlings) and “white heads” (in heading stage). Bore holes are visible on stems.
Disease occurrence conditions: Warm, humid environments; plants are most vulnerable during tillering and booting stages.
Management: Apply Abamectin 1.8% EC or Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC during peak egg hatching or the early larval stages.

3. Rice Leaf Folder

Identification: Larvae fold rice leaves longitudinally and feed on the inner tissue, creating white streaks. This severely reduces photosynthesis.
Disease occurrence conditions: Moderate temperatures with high humidity; rainy weather favors migration and reproduction.
Management: Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% WG or Indoxacarb 15% SC when larvae are young (1st-2nd instar) and just beginning to fold leaves.

4. Locusts and Grasshoppers

Identification: Both adults and nymphs chew on rice leaves and panicles, causing notches. Severe infestations can defoliate entire fields.
Disease occurrence conditions: Light rain after a dry period; abundance of wasteland and grassy areas.
Management: For rapid control, spray Lambda-cyhalothrin 25 g/L EC or Cyantraniliprole 10% SC during the early nymphal stages when they congregate.

Common Weeds

1. Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Identification: An annual grass weed that strongly resembles rice, making it one of the most competitive weeds. It has smooth stems and lacks a ligule.
Management: Apply Penoxsulam 25 g/L OD as a post-emergence spray when weeds are at the 3-5 leaf stage, after rice seedlings have recovered from transplanting. It is highly effective against barnyardgrass.

2. Sedges

Identification: Perennial weeds with triangular stems, often reproducing via underground tubers (e.g., nutsedge), exhibiting very strong reproductive capacity and are difficult to eradicate completely.
Management: Apply Bentazone 480 g/L SL after the late tillering stage of rice. It can effectively control the underground tubers.

3. Broadleaf Weeds

Identification: Weeds with broad leaves and diverse shapes (e.g., Monochoria, Ammannia), competing with rice for light and nutrients.
Management: Use a mixed herbicide like Bentazone·MCPA 400 g/L OD which can effectively control both broadleaf weeds and sedges simultaneously.

4. Goosegrass

Identification: An annual grass weed with linear leaves and stems that are geniculate (bent) at the base, often growing in tufts. It is a malignant grass weed like barnyardgrass.
Management: Apply Cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC as a post-emergence spray. It provides excellent control of goosegrass and is highly safe for rice.

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